Logic Circuits Based on Chemical Volume Phase Transition Transistors for Planar Microfluidics and Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Automation

Despite great progress of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology platforms in the last 30 years, there is a lack standardized microfluidic components, real on-chip automation and progressive functional scalability fluidic circuits. Hydrogel-based circuits have high scaling potential provide automation, but are complex system design. An advanced circuit concept for planar chip architectures, originating from early era semiconductor-based resistor-transistor-logic (RTL) presented hydrogel-based chemical volume phase transition transistor (CVPT) logic gate operations implemented. The (CVPT-RTL) robust simple design, feasible with common materials manufacturing techniques LoC technology. Thereby, three major challenges solved: contamination issues, maintaining signal compliance cascadability, inversion. As central element, CVPT cascode introduced. functionality verified by 24 h test NAND operation self-automated chemofluidic analog-to-digital converter, utilized as interface between bioreactors extended Moreover, CVPT-RTL demonstrates expected self-stabilizing performance gate. Accompanying simulations component behavior based on network description implemented Matlab Simscape match experimental results.